Showing posts with label PULPALLY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PULPALLY. Show all posts

Wayanad belongs to Karnataka

Is Wayanad belongs to Karnataka?



The geological position of Wayanad is not in line with the rest of Kerala. That is why my attention turns to this topic and a larger number of Kannada speaking communities around me in my childhood.  Even in Tribal languages in Wayanad, Kannada has more influence and resemblance than Malayalam. I think more studies and research is needed on this topic.

According to the ancient history of Wayanad, other than native Tribes, Jains are the first group who migrated to Wayanad. The Kannada speaking people in Wayanad are known as Jains, they belong to the Digambara sect and they are called Gowadas. Around the medieval period Saiva religion became a strong hold in Karnataka and the frequent attacks from Salva religion to Jain lead to the migration of Jains to Kerala and especially to Wayanad.
These names of wayanadan villages are Kannada names and it shows the influence of the Karnataka in Wayanad. All these Kannada names are the fool-proof evidence to justify the existence of Jainism this area and its influence from 12th centuary.Hoysala kings were the rulers of Kamataka'in the 12th century and Wayanad was a part of Karnataka. At that time Wayanad was known as Bailnad. The rulers of Hoysala Dynasty were Jains till Vishnuvardha. Around the medivial period Saiva religion became a strong hold in Karnataka and the frequent attacks from Salva religion to Jain lead to the migration of Jains to Kerala and especially to Wayanad.

Jainism was in its peak in Wayanad during the days of Hoysala Dynasty. Hoysala kings promoted Jainism and they sent many missionaries to the different parts to spread Jainism. There are many proofs, which justify the existence of Jainism in Wayanad. The history tells us that the Bathery Jain temple was built 800 years ago.

Earlier this temple was known as Kidangad Basti and the older name of Battery was Hennaredu Bedhi (twelve streets). These two names are Kannada names and it shows the influence of the Karnataka Jains. Some other similar place names are: Bennagode (Venniyode), Palagonthu (Palukunnu), Muthangadi (Puthangadi), and Hosengadi (Mananthavady). All these Kannada names are the fool-proof evidence to justify the existence of Jains in Wayanad.

It is believed that the wall inscriptions in Edakkal Caves (the oldest historical monument in Wayanad) are closely related to Jainism. The Swastik mark, the mark of the seventh Tirthankara, Suparswa Natha, has been engraved on the wall. The Chandrabimbamark, the mark of the eighth Tirthankara, Chandra Natha, also can be seen on the wall of the cave. The other inscriptions on the wall are the Hoysala kings'. The former Hoysalas were Jains.

In the thirteenth century, Jainism was in its peak in Wayanad. By the end of the eighteenth century the religion became too weak because of the increasing influence of the Hindu religion and the invasion of Saiva - Vaishnava religions. In this period many Jain temples were destroyed and some of them were possessed by Hindus. The relics of these ruined temples can be seen in Bathery, Puthangadi and Poothadi.

At present Wayanad is considered to be one of the important Jain centres. In Wayanad the main Jain centers are: Mananthavady, Panamaram, Anjukunnu, Varadoor, Kalpetta and Kaniyambatta

The migrated Jains first came to Panamaram on the banks of Kabani river. From there the Jain groups spread to the different parts of Wayanad. These Jains were basical1y farmers. Digging and ploughing were against their belief. So as to keep their belief they introduced eco-farming in Wayanad.  Hoysala kings promoted Jainism and they sent many missionaries to the different parts to spread Jainism.Some other similar place names with Kannada origin are given below.
 All of the place names sounds resemblance or influence of   Kannada.   I believe this the roots form is different from other names of places in plais of Kerala. But remember, Wayanad has a thriving activity of life in that era when most of the Present middle land in Kerala was covered by forest and without population.

Hennaredu Bidhi (twelve streets) Bathery.
Hosengadi ( Ondayangadi,Mananthavady).
Bennagode (Venniyode),
Palagonthu (Palukunnu),
Muthangadi (Puthangadi),
Dhottappan kulam -Dodappan Kulam,-
BAaradhoor-Varadoor,
Kolagappara Ambalavayal
Kanniya Betta, Kaniyampetta -
Kalpetta -Kalbetta ,
Hanjukonthu (Anjukunnu)
Arapatta,
Echome,
Beenachi,
Kollur,
Thaloor,Madhoor
Bavali
Muthanga -Muthangadi
Meenagadi,
Banasura, Brahmagiri. (Names of Hills)
Koottamunda
Varambatta
Bellure- Valliyoor- Valliyoorkavu( a temple of historic and social significance).

Vellamunda
Peruvaka
Ambukuthy
Nalloornad
Cherukattoor
Payyampally
Koilery
Puthiyidam
Aarattuthara
Thavinjal
Ozhakkody
Anjukunnu;
Kallumottamkunnu
Kakkanchirakunnu
Kappumkunnu
Vilakkupadamkunnu
Kacherikunnu
Panamaram
Tharuvana
Karingari
Paliyana
Kommayad
Ellumannam
Kallody (The word Kallody is derived from malayalam words kallu ( means stone ) and ody ( means run ). The combined word Kallody means running stone.Earlier this place was a forested area. The merchants from Calicut to Mananthavady town through Kuttyadi hill pass were attacked by the thieves from this area. To escape from attack, they used to carry stones with them and ran as fastly as possible. They used to pelt stones to defend from the thieves. Hence the name Kallody.
The land is divided into EDAVAKA and EDACHANA "desam". The disciple of the great Pazhassi Raja, Edachena Kunkan, belongs to this area


Balad(Valat)
Trissilery
Chundale
Edavaka
Kabanigiri
Kavumannam
Thariyode
Kidanganad
Kottebadi- Kottappadi
Kuppadi
Kuppadithara
Vaduvanchal
Muppainad
NAADBAYAL (Nadavayal)
Payyampally
Periya
Poothadi
Porunnanore
Pulpalli
Lakkidi,
Tharuvana
Thavinhal
Thirunelly
Thondernad
Trikaibetta-Thrikkaipatta
Thrissilery
Kommayad
Vellamunda
Vengappally

 AS we hear everyday these names in daily life ,we may miss the influence of Kannada in them. Try to compare these names to names of typical villages of Karnataka, or speak to a kannada speaking person.You may get some clues.












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Megalithic rock-cut tomb in Wayanad

Megalithic rock-cut tomb in Wayanad 



 
BURIAL STRUCTURE:The rock-cut tomb discovered at Mukranmoola in the Neykuppa forest under the South Wayanad Forest Division.

A megalithic rock-cut tomb has been found at Mukranmoola in the Neykuppa forest, under the Chethalayath forest range, in Wayanad district.
Tribesmen grazing their cattle found the single-chambered, circular, and domical roofed tomb, cut in soft laterite.
The tomb, 7 feet in height and of 7-foot diameter, had a small square opening on the top. The rock-cut caves or rock-cut tombs are considered Iron Age burial structures. These are commonly found in the northern districts of the State where there are laterite beds.
The structure was similar to the one found at Choondal in Thrissur district some years ago.
Dolmens, urns, cists, menhirs, umbrella stones, and hood stones had also been identified to the age.
Cists and urns were commonly found in the district.
Archaeologists and historians believed that making a rock-cut tomb in the region was difficult due to the soft nature of soil. Hence, the recent discovery had great significance and it might rewrite the cultural history of the region, sources said.
Usually a variety of pottery, iron implements, and other artefacts are seen inside megalithic tombs. But, such artefacts are yet to be found inside this tomb. A thorough excavation would be needed.


 
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Wayanad is the prime source for prehistoric findings in Indian archeology

A new prehistoric rock art site has been discovered at Kappikunnu near Pulppally in Wayanad

The engravings resemble the ones at Edakkal caves

Four figures ( one of two deer facing each other, and three abstract ones ) have been found engraved on a huge chunk of rock.

We are getting more evidence that Wayanad is the prime source for prehistoric findings in Indian archeology. According to available details,  we are far ahead of Harappan /Mohenjedaro civilisation of 3000 BC. Edakkal inscriptions are as old as 5000BC

I didnt gone to this site, but planning to explore more in the Veliambam Kotta. We know that  area of NAdavayal Panamaram Bathery,Kalpetta and Mananthavady towns are populated even in 12th century  AD, when most of present Kerala was under thick cover of forest.
And pulpally adds to to the pack now.

The findings:
A new prehistoric rock art site has been discovered at Kappikunnu near Pulppally in Wayanad district, the others being the Edakkal caves and Thovarimala, all in Wayanad.
The rock engravings bear a close resemblance to those on the walls of the Edakkal caves on Ambukuthy hills. Four figures ( one of two deer facing each other, and three abstract ones ) have been found engraved on a huge chunk of rock. Other lines on a smaller rock that could have dislodged itself from the main rock, resemble a headgear. The rocks were found in the precincts of the Sree Veliyambam Kotta Siva temple, an apsidal temple (semicircular or polygonal in shape) believed to have been built in the 12th century AD, inside the South Wayanad Forest Division.
The petroglyphs probably date back to the Neolithic period, Gira Gratier, a scholar from Belgium, told. Ms. Gratier, who was here as a part of her research project on the tribesmen of South India, visited the site after she was told of it by the local people. The site might be a ‘cosmic area’ where ancient people performed rites, she said.
The rock engravings might have been part of a huge structure in the past, she said. A recent exploration by the State Archaeology Department yielded a Neolithic celt from the area, K. Krishnaraj, Archaeology Department’s Officer in-charge of the Edakkal Caves, said.
The style of depiction of the anthropomorphic figure and some other figures at Edakkal resemble the figures at the new site.
He also said that a stone inscription from the 9-10 century AD related to the Jain faith was discovered from the area some years ago.
 

Other posts related to  Wayanad in this blog
 
 
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