Showing posts with label 1901. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1901. Show all posts

The lighthouse in Cochin



The Signal Tower- 1603

One of the landmarks of medieval Fort Kochi, under Portuguese's Fort Kochi, it remained in glory, until the late days of the 1890s
The lighthouse in Cotschi (Kochi )
Year :1850-97
Photographer :Unknown
The place is now Overgrown with a banyan tree. Near to south side of present Nehru Children Park,Fort Kochi.

The Signal tower stood in center of current Nehru Park, which was the Main square of Fort Kochi in medieval days.

It was a busy signal tower as it communicated with the approaching ships and sent out signals locally too. A basket, a cage, flags, torchlight were all used as signals. A signal was put up when a ship laden with goods was coming. With it the locals knew what was required to board the ship. If coir was to be shipped out they got busy assembling the produce.

Likewise for pepper and other spices. It signalled to fishermen about inclement weather or about sickness on board, a passing or approaching ship. This signal tower was brought down and the remains were razed completely much later when the foundation of the park was laid. The three buildings seen in the painting were the port office, the gear shed and the coal shed. In fact, the Chinese fishing net next to the coal shed is called `Karipura'. Opposite the tower was the Old Harbour Hotel, which housed sailors, and officers who alighted. As the signal station had a tower the road was named Tower Road and remains so till today."

Interesting is the story of the Santa Cruz Basilica which stood behind the present day Laurel Club, one of the three structures seen at the far end of the painting. When the Dutch took over they converted the Basilica into a godown as they were Calvinists. Later, when the British arrived they had to shoot down the godown because the Dutch offered resistance.

The relics, in the form of pillars of the basilica, are found at three places in Fort Kochi. The signal station was the focus of all action, during war and peace. It signalled the coming and the going of traders, merchants and colonisers.

The signal station is no more. At the children's park where it once stood, kids play on swings and slides, their laughter filling the air. Fairy lights and fountains come alive in the evenings; hawkers sell, travellers walk around. There is a strange serenity around this rain tree-lined park.

Quite a contrast, for it was here mutinies rose and fell, fearful exchange of fire shots resounded; the troops marched; merchandise was bartered. It was here that an unseen filtering of culture took place many, many years ago. Now all that exists as memory of this landmark is this forgotten painting on the wall of the Corporation office.
__________________

Kannur- Land of Looms, A historical approach

Kannur- Land of Looms, A  historical approach

Woven  cloth


The tradition of making woven cloth dates back to Rig Vedic period. Authentic accounts about the
inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization used cotton for clothing as early as the 5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC.

According to The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition:



"Cotton has been spun, woven, and dyed since prehistoric times. It clothed the people of ancient India, Egypt, and China. Hundreds of years before the Christian era cotton textiles were woven in India with matchless skill, and their use spread to the Mediterranean countries. In the 1st cent. Arab traders brought fine Muslin and Calico to Italy and Spain. The Moors introduced the cultivation of cotton into Spain in the 9th cent. Fustians and dimities were woven there and in the 14th cent. in Venice and Milan, at first with a linen warp. Little cotton cloth was imported to England before the 15th cent., although small amounts were obtained chiefly for candlewicks. By the 17th cent. theEast India Company was bringing rare fabrics from India. Native Americans skillfully spun and wove cotton into fine garments and dyed tapestries. Cotton fabrics found in Peruvian tombs are said to belong to a pre-Inca culture. In colour and texture the ancient Peruvian and Mexican textiles resemble those found in Egyptian tombs."

South  India


Basel Mission brought about a major breakthrough in Handloom sector at the time of British rule in 1844. Basel Mission first setup the Handloom weaving factories in Mangalore in 1844 and subsequently in Cannanore and Calicut in 1852. It brought the handlooms popular in Manchester, UK and adapted to Indian conditions to run the Handloom weaving factories in the modern line. With the success of these weaving units, some of the wealthy families in the areas ventured into Handloom weaving factories, mainly focusing in the manufacture of dress materials and casements. Handloom industries suffered a setback after the Second World War and most of the factories were closed.




Title: "A difficult load with machinery on the beach in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date: NA( Probably before 1890)
Please note the heavy machinery shipped from Europe and the method to embark ship to the boat and to the land of Kannur. ...It may be a historical moment. The place is not known but we believe it is in present Ayikkara beach popularly known as Mappila Bay at Kannur city, just in front of Arakkal palace. In the background, we assume, the fort of Saint Angelo.
note the costume of Men and how they enjoy.






Kannur a brief History


The Basel Mission pioneered the modernised handloom and dyeing industry in Kannur,as a centre of the handloom industry.
 The missionaries, with their hard work, maintained the quality of cloth and introduced new designs such as ‘khaki.’ Before their time, weavers had worked on pit looms (looms constructed over a pit).
The missionaries introduced the loom with a wooden frame erected on four wooden stands with a comfortable seat. A weaver could pedal the loom with feet. Also, the shuttle was thrown by the weaver beating with his hand instead of placing it through the yarns.
The innovation enhanced the production and the labourer could earn more. Though power looms were popular in Europe then, it did not exist in Malabar as there was no electricity.


Shift to factory


Title: "Transporting one of the three boilers for our weaving factory. It weighs something over 10 tons, and was pulled by 12 oxen and about 30 people. Transporting the boiler aroused a lot of interest in Cannanore. Many curious people came to see what was going on. The three boilers now stand peacefully in line in the boiler-house and will soon be making steam to drive the new machines."
Creator: unknown
Date:

The weaving centres opened by the missionaries had some sort of monopoly over their new commodity, khaki, in those days. Another contribution by the missionaries was the shifting of production from the cottage industry to the factory system. The factory system encouraged the division of labour.
 It was this transfer of technology and production system that made Kannur emerge as one of the famous handloom production centres in Malabar. Wilhem Peter Schoenthal, missionary, opened a factory with an electrically operated spinning machine made in Vorington, England in 1896. This machine helped him produce a fine woven satin cotton. This was the background of the introduction of the finest satin cotton in Kannur, which later turned to be a legacy of the textile industry here.
Local touch                                                     
The missionaries and the entrepreneurs escaped from India during the pre-World War I period and the British took over the factories. After 1947, private entrepreneurs bought them. Much before that, they spurred entrepreneurial skills in local Christian converts. One such, Sammuel Santhosh, started a factory in 1890 and his son, Aaron, started Aaron Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd. at Pappinissery. He introduced new designing. Aaron set up the Kannur Spinning and Weaving Mills by 1944-45. When power looms were bought, the handlooms were sold to the local people.
Trade unions

The local people started their own weaving industry. This system engaged many workers in the textile industry.  Power looms later created new avenues for the industry and resulted in the emergence of an active trade union movement in Kannur. Thus, for 150 years, Kannur became a land of looms and designs.







Title: "Weaving shop and accomodation in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date:




Title: "Weaving shop in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date:

Title: "Weaving shop and accomodation in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date:

Title: "Pulling down the pillars during the demolition work, Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date:
Title: "The mission house in Cannanore with its three wings - kitchen, stable, and the living accomodatioj of the missionaries."
Creator: unknown
Date:
Title: "Weaving factory office in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date:

Title: "The building for spinning and reeling in the weaving factory in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date
Title: "'Burnaheri' branch of the Cannanore Weaving Factory."
Creator: unknown
Date:
Title: "A weaving hall in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown
Date
Title: "The hall for spinning and reeling in the weaving works in Cannanore."
Creator: unknown


Title: "Cannanore: the tailors' shop."
Creator: unknown
Date:
Date:
Title: "Cannanore: building where spinning and reeling takes place."
Creator: unknown
Date:



Title: "Steam press (for hoisery materials)."
Creator: unknown
Date:


Title: "Cannanore: weaving compound. Weaving hall."
Creator: unknown
Date:


Title: "Cannanore. Compound of the weaving factory. Upstair / Dying shop / Bandy Shed / kitchen / living accomodation."
Creator: unknown
Date:



Title: "Cannanore. The new building of the weaving establishment. Seen from the front."
Creator: unknown
Date


Title: "Cannanore. Living accomodation for the weaving factory."
Creator: unknown
Date:


The Classic Drawing Of Hosdurg Fort



We found an old drawing in Digital library, Oxford and it is related to a small and important area of Malabar. Just followed and try to locate the present location of the place depicted in the drawing.

Hosdurg Fort is a fort in Kanhangad which is part of
Kasargod district in Kerala state. Hosdurg Fort with its round bastion looks imposing from a distance. Somashekara Nayaka from the Keladi Nayaka dynasty of Ikkeri built this fort. The place is made well known by the Nithyanandasram with 45 caves.

The Classic Drawing

(Probably before 1850)



Title"Hosadurga. Kasargod. Resthouse. Houses of the policemen's' servants. Official building. School. Old fort, part of the rest house."
An undated (Probably before 1850) drawing of Hosdurg, Kerala, describing the positions of buildings and...
its relations.
Alternate title:
"[original caption]german- Hosadurga. Kasargod. Reisehaus. Wohnhäuser der Polizeidiener Amtsgebäude. Schulhaus. Altes Fort. Zum Reisehaus gehörig."
Creator: NA
Keywords:
fortification, school, village view, police station, village, government building, rest house, mountain, fort

The Location By Google: Click for larger view

please note the government offices, school, and old fort at the same place as in the old drawing.

 
















തുളുനാടിന്റെ ഇനിയും അറിയപ്പെടാത്ത ചരിത്ര വാതായനങ്ങളിലേക്ക്‌ വെളിച്ചം വീശുന്ന ചരിത്രസത്യങ്ങള്‍ തരാന്‍ കഴിയുന്ന ഹൊസ്‌ദുര്‍ഗ്ഗ കോട്ട കാലവര്‍ഷത്തില്‍ വീണ്ടും തകര്‍ന്നു. പുരാവസ്‌തു വകുപ്പ്‌ ഏറ്റെടുത്തു സംരക്ഷിക്കുന്ന സംസ്ഥാനത്തെ കോട്ടകളില്‍ ഏറെ പ്രാധാന്യമുള്ളതാണ്‌ ഈ കോട്ട. ചൊവ്വാഴ്‌ച പുലര്‍ച്ചെയുണ്ടായ പേമാരിയിലാണ്‌ ഈയിടെ അറ്റകുറ്റ പണികള്‍ തീര്‍ത്ത്‌ മനോഹരമാക്കിയ കോട്ട തകര്‍ന്നുവീണത്‌. വിനായക ടാക്കീസിന്‌ മുന്നിലുടെ ഹൊസ്‌ദുര്‍ഗ്ഗ്‌ കോടതി സമുച്ചയത്തിലേക്ക്‌ പോവുന്ന പൂങ്കാല്‍കോട്ട റോഡിന്റെ ഭാഗമാണ്‌ തകര്‍ന്നത്‌. ഇതു കാരണം കോടതിയിലെക്കുള്ള ഗതാഗതം ഭാഗികമായി തകരാറിലായിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. സംസ്ഥാന സര്‍ക്കാര്‍ കോട്ടകളുടെ സംരക്ഷണത്തിന്‌ അനുവദിച്ച 4 കോടി രൂപയില്‍ നിന്ന്‌ 35 ലക്ഷം രൂപയാണ്‌ ഹൊസ്‌ദുര്‍ഗ്ഗ്‌ കോട്ട പുതുക്കി പണിയുന്നതിന്‌ ചിലവഴിക്കുന്നത്‌. പുരാവസ്‌തു വകുപ്പ്‌ നേരിട്ടാണ്‌ നവീകരണ പ്രവര്‍ത്തികള്‍ നടത്തുന്നത്‌. ഈ പ്രവര്‍ത്തനങ്ങള്‍ കനത്ത മഴ കാരണം പാതിവഴിയില്‍ നിര്‍ത്തിയിരുക്കുകയാണ്‌. കോട്ട കാത്തു സൂക്ഷിക്കണമമെന്ന്‌ ചരിത്ര ഗവേഷകരും വിദ്യാര്‍ത്ഥികളും ആവശ്യപ്പെടാന്‍ തുടങ്ങിയിട്ട കാലമേറെയായെങ്കിലും അപ്പോഴെക്ക ഒന്നും പറയാതെ ഒഴിഞ്ഞു മാറുകയാണ്‌ പുരാവസ്‌തു വകുപ്പ്‌ ചെയ്‌ത്‌.




Hosdurg Fort is a fort in Kanhangad which is part of Kasargod district in Kerala state. Hosdurg Fort with its round bastion looks imposing from a distance. Somashekara Nayaka from the Keladi Nayaka dynasty of Ikkeri built this fort. The place is made well known by the Nithyanandasram with 45 caves.









One of the Government Office in the location.











തകര്‍ന്നടിഞ്ഞുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന ഹോസ്ദുര്‍ഗ് കോട്ട നവീകരിച്ച് പൂര്‍വ്വസ്ഥിയിലാക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള പ്രവൃത്തികള്‍ ആരംഭിച്ചു. ദേശീയ പുരാവസ്തു സംരക്ഷണ വകുപ്പിന്റെ കീഴിലാണ് കോട്ടയുടെ പുനര്‍ നിര്‍മ്മാണ ജോലികള്‍ ആരംഭിച്ചത്. പതിനെട്ടാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടില്‍ ഇക്കേരി രാജാക്കന്‍മാര്‍ പണിതതാണ് ഹോസ്ദുര്‍ഗ് കോട്ട. ആറേക്കറോളം സ്ഥലവിസ്തൃതിയില്‍ പണിതുയര്‍ത്തിയ കോട്ടയുടെ ഭാഗങ്ങളും ചുറ്റുമതിലും കാലപ്പഴക്കം കൊണ്ടും വിവിധതരം കയ്യേറ്റങ്ങള്‍ കൊണ്ടും ഓരോ ഭാഗങ്ങളും തകരുകയായിരുന്നു. കാഞ്ഞങ്ങാട് ബ്ലോക്ക് ഓഫീസ് കോംപ്ലക്‌സ്, കോടതി സമുച്ചയങ്ങള്‍, പൊതുമരാമത്ത് വകുപ്പ് ഓഫീസുകള്‍, ചേയര്‍ ഹൗസ് കാംപാകൊ, വൈദ്യുതി ബോര്‍ഡ്, വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ ഓഫീസ്, മൃഗാശുപത്രി, പൊലീസ് ക്വാര്‍ട്ടേഴ്‌സുകള്‍ തുടങ്ങിയവയും ഹൊസ്ദുര്‍ഗ് ഗവ.ഹൈസ്‌കൂളിന്റെ ഗ്രൗണ്ട്, ലിറ്റില്‍ ഫഌവര്‍ ഗേള്‍സ് ഹൈസ്‌കൂള്‍ എന്നിവയ്ക്ക് പുറമെ ഏതാനും സ്വകാര്യാശുപത്രികളും വീടുകളും ക്വാര്‍ട്ടേഴ്‌സുകളും എല്ലാം കോട്ടയ്ക്ക് അകത്താണ്. കോട്ട പണിയുമ്പോള്‍ ഇവിടെയുണ്ടായിരുന്നത് പൂങ്കാവ് ശിവക്ഷേത്രം മാത്രമാണ്. ഇത് നേരത്തെ ദേവി ക്ഷേത്രമായിരുന്നുവത്രെ. ശേഷിക്കുന്ന രണ്ടര ഏക്കര്‍ സ്ഥലം മാത്രമാണ് ഇപ്പോള്‍ കോട്ടയ്ക്ക് സ്വന്തമായുള്ളത്. അതിന്റെ നടുവില്‍ തലയെത്തിനില്‍ക്കുന്നതാകട്ടെ ഒരു പൊതുശ്മശാനവും. ഇതടക്കമാണിപ്പോള്‍ പുരാവസ്തുവകുപ്പിന് കൈമാറിയിട്ടുള്ളത്. തകര്‍ന്ന കോട്ടഭാഗങ്ങള്‍ പൂര്‍വ്വസ്ഥിയിലാക്കാന്‍ ലക്ഷകണക്കിന് ചെങ്കല്ലുകള്‍ ആവശ്യമാണ്. ഇതിന് കോടികള്‍ ചിലവ് പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. -

The Calicut Beach 3: Sea Bridge (pier) and light houses

The Calicut Beach 3: Sea Bridge (pier) and light houses 




Calicut Beach, Aerial view of Northern Side


Calicut Beach   when empty

An undated drawing of a lighthouse is available in the British Library, and it seems before 1850 (?), it clearly depicts the situation of the port.


Title: "Calicut, lighthouse."
Creator: unknown
Date: Undated
In this pic. the old tower is visible.



a comparative Picture of lighthouse probably taken from the North Pier. There is another tower raised in steel bars, maybe for telegraphic and wireless purposes.


Calicut Beach with lighthouse.  1911



 

Calicut Beach with lighthouse.(  1907)   photo of  2011


 Calicut:   Rare pictures of Pier (Sea bridge)

Calicut: A rare picture of  (Sea bridge)  and port of Calicut before 1890. Merchant ships and vessels, small wooden boats, and full fledge bustling port activities can be seen in the picture. note the shape and construction of the vessels, well in comparison to the bounties if Europeans. Wooden Cranes to lift the goods from small boats, and track for trolleys are notable. check the goods which were imported, mostly steel bars, sheets and blocks with some round objects. Port office's board is also seen. Probably Photo was taken in a normal morning(judged by shadows) and from the top of a building in customs road.


Calicut A rare picture of the old pier (Sea bridge)
Title: "Calicut; pier."
Creator: unknown
Date: 01.01.1881-31.12.1914






1912 Near the south pier is a place called 'Horse's Jumping Point' where horses brought from Gujarat and Arabia were made to jump into the water, swim and would gallop along the shore and be displayed for sale.





Near the northern pier.Calicut Beach. 2011

The harbour, Calicut. The original lighthouse of Calicut CAN BE SEEN
Title: "The harbour, Calicut."
Creator: unknown
Date: NA (Probably before 1914)
"[original caption] Hafen Calicut."(German) translated to  The harbour, Calicut, But we have doubt whether it is Calicut proper or not. It is not mentioned south or north pier. Please Note the shape and position of the lighthouse in this picture. in other pictures, the position of the lighthouse is on the right side of the pier. The buildings in the background also seem indifferent. Can somebody explain? We thought the possibility of flipping of image by the left to right when printing or copying from original.
But as per history, there was another lighthouse and here it is.
The original lighthouse of Calicut, 1847
 From a website of Lighthouses of India:
Kozhikode (Calicut) 1907 (station established in 1847). focal plane 17 m (56 ft); two white flashes every 6 s. 15 m (49 ft) round cylindrical masonry tower with lantern and gallery, painted white.  Calicut, now called Kozhikode, is the place where Vasco da Gama landed in India in 1498, inaugurating India's contact with western Europe. Interestingly, the original lighthouse was taller at 33 m (108 ft). Located on Beach Road near the foot of Customs Road in Kozhikode. Site is open, but the tower closed.            


Satellite imagery of the site. 2013 by Google


Satellite imagery of the site. 2011, by Yahoo. see the part of the sea bridge  and  the remains




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KANNUR or Cannannore? KANATHUR -KANNAN’S UR-

KANATHUR -KANNAN’S UR- KANNUR

Kanathur Kavu Now known as
Kanakathur Sree Kurumbakkavu


Kannur district derived its name from the location of its headquarters at Kannur town. The old name ‘Cannanore’ is the anglicised form of the Malayalam word Kannur. According to one opinion, ‘Kannur’ is a derivation from Kanathur, an ancient village, the name of which survives even today in one of the wards of Kannur Municipality.


Kadalayi Temple.

Another version is that Kannur might have assumed its name from one of the deities ofthe Hindu pantheon, a compound of two words, Kannan (Lord Krishna) and Ur (place) making it the place of Lord Krishna. In this context, it is worth mentioning that the deity of the Katalayi Sreekrishna temple was originally installed in a shrine at Katalayi Kotta in the southeastern part of the present Kannur town.




The old photo has some distinctive features:
1. There are 3 almost similar type temples in a row with the same height (usually little higher than normal) .
2.The three buildings are constructed with different materials for roof, and probably in different time of age. There may be one main God and associated with two sub-Gods,but difficult to say which one is main.
3. There is a step-like gallery at the right side and behind of the last temple(Probably a place to watch temple procession or Theyyams) associated with trees behind-(like a kavu).
4. Assuming that these pictures in the series were taken by Western photographers in that time; they took important structures inside Kannur town especially,near Fort,Payyambalam,Camp bazar and Burnassessy etc.

Kanathur Kavu Now known as

Look at the frontage and roof pattern of temple. Which is this place? What may the deity in these Temples?







The roof pattern cannot visible anywhere than Kerala, especially North Kerala and South Canara. In 1886 and earlier these are important constructions and landmark of an area, where most of the houses are merely huts.




Look at the frontage and roof pattern of temple. Which is this place? What may the deity in these Temples? So can we assume these photos are from the same location? The first one has a title, Clearly says it is from Kananthur Temple. I confused again as there is another kanathur 'Temple 'at Pallikunnu, Kannur. And looks same too.


Mr Sugunan has given an important feedback earlier:
"Empezado por sugunan Ver Mensaje
The  pic of the theyyam is from Kanathur Kavu, an ancient kavu just near to Kannur town on the way to Govt Guest House....(presently this temple is known as Kanakathur Sree Kurumba Kavu....Still ever year the same theyam is conducted in the same style from March 10-15th....
Visit the link http://www.kanakathursreekurumbakkavu.org for more details"


Somebody related to these temples and Theyyams can identify the deities and peculiarities of each one. It will make identification more accurate.


All these factors are connecting to Kanakathur Temple which appears reconstructed recently. If I am wrong, please correct me.




Quote from Sugunan: This definitely look like Kanathur kavu, and the theyyam i guess is Vishnumurthy...
Uploading a current pic of same Kavu(courtesy : Kanakathur kavu website)

Note : this is not among the 3 kavus which was shown in the previous post. This is situated in the same premises but a little away from those ones.